Wednesday, January 29, 2020
The Rise of Private High Schools Essay Example for Free
The Rise of Private High Schools Essay Intro For hundreds of years high school education has been the responsibility of the state. Yet, in no time in history did government become so fully involved in adolescent education as after the Second World War. The era of big government would mean big spending in various social programs, one of the most important of which would be education. Groundbreaking advances would be seen in the instruction of various areas of education previously ignored, such as music, art and sports. Along with this involvement in the lives of their children came parents faith that in countries such as Canada and the United States, public education, most specifically high school education, would lay the ground work for a secure and prosperous future for the future adults of the nation.  It was only towards the end of the Cold War that globalization accompanied by neo-liberal economics would force Canadians to re-examine their public high schools.            The increasing importance of changing technology coupled with the general decline of public schools has caused us to look with greater skepticism upon governments ability to manage the school system in the present day. It is for these very reasons that parents have become more open to the advantages of private education. Despite the fact that public high schools are still largely in the hands of government in the last twenty years, we have seen a significant growth in private institution attendance. The purpose of this work is to discuss the rise of private high school education and discuss its possible future. Literature Review Current literature supports the decline of the public high school and the rise in importance of the private school.  Aurini and Davies (2004, 2007) have done indepth investigation on areas of private schooling in Ontario such as private tutoring and home schooling and throughout their readings have upheld that private education is on the rise. Aurini (2004) in her experience as a private tutor and in her subsequent investigation into private education has seen a notable rise in important of private education, most specifically with attitudes towards parents. In fact Aurini (2006) goes to far as to say that appearance of private education has resulted in the re-molding of public education.            Although it is clear that studies are showing the rising importance of private education they are also outlining why this is occurring. Geiger (1994) clearly holds the belief that the globalized world and the resultant increase of demands on students and schools to keep up with technological advances is overwhelming for public schools and shrinking education budgets. Davies (1999) adds to this argument in his analysis of religious groups and the growing acceptance by governments of their demands. Whereas twenty years ago their was a much more melting-pot mentality surrounding different demands for schooling, with the growth of individualism world wide so comes the growth of individual education. There are numerous liberal minded authors such as Finn who believe that the answers to these problems can be given by the market. The constant push by some scholars to consistently patch up public school problems are rejected by Finn. He believes a more radical change is necessary to clean up public schools.            Yet, many authors continue to believe in the public school system and contend that it is an essential part of democracy and equality in a nation. Fotopoulos (2004) claims that while individuals live in society, they are in fact social individuals and that one of the most proven methods of making them part of society is through a public school system. Yet, other than increase school budgets it becomes more and more difficult to find solutions to the public school systems problems. Cowley (2001), in exasperation states, â€Å"while there is agreement about the need for better schools, there is no agreement about how to improve our schools.† Growth of Private Education Various forms of private education have expanded in impressive numbers in the Western world over the past two centuries. What was once thought of as a luxury or an innecessity by many parents is now being reconsidered as a viable and safe option. Canada is not the exception, although it is a notable example of how private education entities are making headway. Davies and Aurini (2004) claim that enrollment in private schools in Canada has gone from 5% to 6% during the past decade (p. 420). Although the number in appearance may seem small it translates to a 20% growth for private schools. In Ontario the growth is even more staggering and reached 40% with a total of 750 schools in the province (Davies and Aurini, p. 420). Private education is gaining importance with parents of both younger and older students. This is clearly seen in the expansion of Montessori schools as well as proprietary vocational colleges (Aurini and Davies, 2004). In addition we should not forget about the growth of private tutoring and home schooling. Apart from the growth of private institutions it is important to take into consideration perceptions of private versus public education. A survey taken last year found that â€Å"46% of parents would prefer to send their school age children to private schools, while 60% of Ontarians agreed with the phrase ‘private school students receive a much better education than public school students’†(Aurini, 2006, p. 108)  Trouble in Public Education As previously mentioned private education, until recently, has taken the back seat the overwhelming importance of government lead education. An understanding of public education today and all its faults requires that we understand its history. At the turn of the century we saw a significant rise in big government, specifically in Canada. The culture and society that revolved around the welfare state of the post-WWII period clearly supported governments incursion into the fields of education and health, to name a few. Parents placing their children in the hands of the state held the general belief that the schools would do their best to provide equal opportunity and social mobility. Private schools were seen to fall in the realm of those who could afford their astronomical prices. Most often private schools were identified with religion and the upper classes. Gabbard (2004) states that public schools in American society have held such responsibilities as â€Å"equalizing gender and racial inequalities, providing the knowledge and skills that give everyone an equal opportunity to experience the ‘American Dream,’ producing a workforce with skills that enable U.S. corporations to compete effectively in the global marketplace, and preparing citizens to be effective participants in a democratic society†(p. 3).  There was a common desire to believe that â€Å"schools strengthen our democracy, [and] our ability to meaningfully participate in the decision-making processes that impact our communities and our lives†(Gabbard, 2004, p. 3). Whether or not public schools are still up to this task is one of the terrible questions we must ask ourselves. Indeed, what has always been a monumental task has been further been burdened by the nature of our increasingly global, increasingly technology based and increasingly competitive society. Geiger (1994) claims, â€Å"To succeed in the 21st century, today’s students must graduate with more than knowledge of the past. They must have the ability to synthesize and analyze new information, think for themselves, and adapt quickly to a world where change in the constant†(p. 63). The technological tools that are present in almost all forms of work are often not found in public schools (Geiger, 1994). Trouble in High Schools Clearly high schools are facing challenges they have not had to face in the past fifty years or that maybe they never have had to face. Run-down buildings, over-crowded classes, school violence, and poor rural support are only some of the problems on the long list any teacher, parent or school administrator could give you. There seems to be less schools than ever. One report shows that,         A complete restructuring of high school facilities is needed, as the current design pushes teenagers into an environment contrary to the way they learn. The first and most important change should be a reduction in the size of high schools. Research has shown that students have better attendance, are less likely to drop out, exhibit fewer discipline problems, and perform better when attending a smaller high school†(Hall and Handly, 2004, p. 21). An even more preoccupying problem is that of violence at school. The last few centuries has witnessed an increase in attacks of rage and a significantly more violent atmosphere. One administrator claims that, â€Å"It was only after many years of experience and investigation that we began to understand the degree of rage todays teenagers feel and how the school system is failing them, not only academically but in just about every imaginable way†(Hall and Handly, 2004, p. 21).            While urban schools are plagued by violence and over-crowded classrooms many rural Ontario schools are lacking in basic material resources. Low school funding seems to be a problem best known to northern boards and rural Ontario boards (Trouble in, 2004). A study done by The People for Education shows that â€Å"Ontario’s smaller schools are less likely to have librarians or guidance counsellors, music teachers or physical education teachers. And they are much more likely to be threatened with closing†(Trouble in, 2004) . Neo-liberal education There is no doubt that current international focus on liberal economics and globalization has a significant say in where public high schools stand and where they are headed to go. Neo-liberal and conservative ideology clearly hold the idea that most government run enterprises are bound to get caught up in inefficiency and become labeled as inadequate. Davies and Aurini (2004) claim that â€Å"The profit motive and need to compete for student-clients is said to provide powerful incentives to improve educational services. Since such incentives do not exist in large public bureaucracies, educational businesses are more likely to deliver real results, according to advocates.†This has resulted in a rising importance of educational entrepreneurialism, mostly brought on by the changing nature of schooling and pressures in the global market place. According to Aurini (2004) the market, as in so many areas of society, including healthcare, is attempting to weed out insufficient agents. She states that, â€Å"The belief that competition and de-bureaucratization encourages accountability, efficiency and consumer responsiveness†(p. 476). In addition she claims that, â€Å"For market advocates, public schools’ monopoly status and bureaucratized form and the presence of teacher’s professional associations foster apathy and mediocrity to the detriment of education consumers†(p. 476). In the presence of competition public education entities may have to admit that they no longer enjoy a monopoly.  Finn states that, â€Å"If schools want students and the dollars that accompany them, they must attract those students, and in order to attract them they have to provide quality education.† In addition, some research suggests that business in education is resulting in the adoption of these same practices by public institutions (Davies and Aurini, 2004). At the core of the argument is the belief that the market and forces of the market provide better education because the private businesses have to compete with each other. Tutoring: A Growing Industry The significant growth of one sector of private education in particular provides us with significant insight on how private education has progressed over the last years. While in the past private tutoring enterprises consisted of test-prep centers and moonlighting teachers they have now evolved into private tutoring services that may include preschool programs, math and reading classes, and writing and public peaking programs (Aurini, 2004, p. 478). Aurini (2004) claims these entities are a highly evolved form of tutoring, these businesses are often developed as franchises or morph into comprehensive private schools. Aurini (2004) in her two year study of private tutoring institutions in Ontario Canada shows that the significant rise in private tutoring shows a clear shift from public to private education. According to studies the percentage of Ontario parents requesting private tutoring for their school age children has gone up from 17% in 1997 to 24% in 2003 (Aurini 2004). In addition, the number of formal businesses that offer fuller tutoring services has grown between 200%-500% in major Canadian cities over the past 30 years, a growth that is independent of public school enrolments or economic trends (Davies and Aurini, 2004, p. 422).            In a further study done on tutoring franchises tutoring businesses are shown to be standardizing and broadening their services through franchises. In the form of what are being called learning centers, â€Å"franchises are increasingly transcending old-style test prep and homework support, and are bundling together a variety of offerings that sometimes encroach upon public school practices. A result is that learning centres are becoming increasingly school-like by providing an alternative to public education, rather than a mere supplement†(Aurini and Davies, 204, p. 419).  They attribute this expansion to the fact that franchising is the next obvious step in a successful business and they add that, â€Å"Service industries with many franchises such as coffee and fast food have likely grown much faster than industries marked mainly by a series of small independents† (Davies and Aurini, 204, p. 423). As high school students are one of the largest groups using tutoring services, this subtle shift from public to private education is bound to have long-term consequences. Ethnicity and Individualism It has clearly been shown through data and example that private education has made great inroads in the education market, largely due to the failures of High schools and other educational entities to keep up to the demands of our fast paced, technology driven society. It is important to note that while technology is clearly a part of globalism’s demands on high schools, individualism and multiculturalism also play an important role in the weakening of the public high schools.            While in the past it was common for religious groups to make demands on public government on term of their religion, it is now common for ethnic groups to make these same demands. Davies (1999) states that, â€Å"Rather than presenting their cause as religious revivalism and morality in public education terms with little efficacy in todays political culture-the coalitions are evoking the idioms of multiculturalism, minority rights, and school choice†(p. 3). Some religious groups have requested that Quebec, â€Å"embrace the reality of group based diversity in its schools, and they couch this tenet in the language of multiculturalism. The coalitions are united in an understanding of multiculturalism in which religious minority communities require separate education†(Davies 1999, p. 15).            Although Canada had never been the melting pot that the United States has been education has been fairly homogeneous. This is important because it shows the growing importance on individuality in Canada’s education system. In Canada this is particularly important as one of the country’s core tenets has been unity in diversity. Canada’s long standing respect for cultures has been a core element of its foundation from the beginning. Having Quebec as an outspoken and integral culture within Canada may have even sensitized us to an even greater extent than other western countries. That these demands may not be met by public high schools is of course essential to the legitimization of private schools. Intensive Parenting and Individual Children Canadians are having less and less children. Whereas in the past families consisted of an average of three children many couples are opting to have one or two children. This most likely is as a result of global factors and heightened individualism in parents living in an extremely materialist society. The result of global parents and less children is an intensive style of parenting that requires them to be present in every aspect of their child’s life. The psychology, health and education of Canadian children is under a microscopic lens. Private institutions cater to this new breed of parent using such slogans as calls â€Å"to ‘develop you child’s gifts and talents’†(Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 420). Customized education is guaranteed to secure your child with a future in a global economy that seems to becoming increasingly competitive and fast paced.  As Aurini and Davies have observed â€Å"education has become the medium to advance upon or maintain a socioeconomic position as economic prospects for those without credentials deteriorate. Higher education is increasingly sought after throughout Canada†(Davies and Aurini, 2004, p. 420). They add that this is â€Å"creating a generalized culture of educational competition. From younger ages, more youth are being encouraged to view school as a competitive arena in which they must strive to get ahead†(Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 420). The most obvious result of this is the re-entry of schooling into many homes. The number of home schooled children has increased in significant amounts over the last years. Aurini and Davies (2007) claim that while years ago home schooling was â€Å"dominated by a coalition of religious fundamentalists and experimental ‘unschoolers’ a variety of subgroups are now emerging, with very different goals that range from nurturing minority identities, to meeting special educational needs, to simply seeking a superior form of education†(p. 462). While home schooling only affects 2% of students in Ontario it is â€Å"‘shedding its image as a social or educational aberration’†(Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 462). In addition, while home schooling was badly seen for many years, most specifically with regard to its legal standing, recent legislature have given it a new level of legitimacy. These new policies allow boards of education to â€Å"deem that children are receiving satisfactory instruction at home simply by accepting notification from parents† (Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 4).  In addition the provincial government no longer asks home schoolers to strictly adhere to traditional schooling methodes, and now recognize home schooling as an adequate alternative to that taught at public schools. While many scholars argue that home schooling is a result of government intervention and badly run schools Aurini and Davies take a different stand point. Clearly the neo-liberal outlook on home schooling is that a badly funded and organized public schools are not providing children with the education that parents would like them to have. A second explanation is that a fast paced economy is requiring a different type of education for its future workers.  According to this argument, â€Å"the ‘new economy’ is raising credential requirements and intensifying labor market competition†(Aurini and Davies, 2007, p. 4). Aurini and Davies (2007) argue that the distinctive trait of home-schooling has to do with the ability of children to better express themselves in a home environment. They claim that, â€Å"rather than seek instrumental advantages, many of its practitioners aim to remove children from market (and bureaucratic) settings, reasoning that they are too precious to be entrusted to the care of others†(p. 4) What Can be Done? Canadian public high schools are no doubt moving into an era where shrinking budgets and mounting outside pressures are causing numerous problems within. Schools are in disrepair, teachers are underpaid, and classes are overflowing. Cowley (2001) states in frustration that, â€Å"Parents want better schools. Students want better schools. Teachers, counsellors, principals, superintendents, members of local school boards, and officials in the Ministry of Education want better schools. Taxpayers and employers want better schools.†           And we may well be going in a vicious circle. It is clear that high schools and other public schools need more money to keep up. Finn states that the call is the same every year. It is for â€Å"smaller classes, more teachers, more teacher training, more technology, more special programs, more hours in the day, more days in the year, et cetera.†He further claims that â€Å"In both Canada and the United States, this has long been our chief approach to making schools better. It is like our chief approach to making lots of things better: install a larger engine, replace the tires, and add more chrome.†  Yet, how is this possible when in the example of the United States per pupil spending has tripled since the 1950s (Finn).            Public schools have had no choice and will have no choice but to change to meet ever increasing demands placed upon them. And as they change the private schools will become more and more necessary to parents seeking the education that their children need to survive in the future. Some believe that the very creation of private schools will force and overall change in education on both ends. Autini (2006) believes that the advent of private education has resulted in the re-molding of public education. The interjection of private schools onto the field of education has resulted in the altering of old public school tenets. While private education entities adopt public school models such as credentialed teachers, age-defined grades and courses such as math and science they, â€Å"are also seen to ‘loosely couple’ by avoiding stark performance indicators such as standardized tests and y embracing broad, often vague goals such as socialization and inclusion†(Aurini, 2006, p. 83). In addition, â€Å"these strategies permit schools to integrate a variety of objectives and ward off inspection that would otherwise expose inefficiencies and inconsistencies†(p. 84). Private educators legitimize these alterations by relying on arguments of increased individualism and technical advances (Aurini, 2006, p. 83). They claim to be satisfying consumer demand for more individual education programs.            It is also important to note that many private high schools have not been successful when competing with public schools (Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 423). In fact the history of performance contractors is sometimes one of â€Å"rapid ascent quickly followed by failure†(Aurini and Davies, 2004, p. 423). It appears as though business are more successful when they don’t have to come up against public, free educational options such as preschools, colleges and private tutoring enterprises. As tutoring is a form of supplementary education that does not compete directly with public schools it is exempt from this type of market competition from public schools (Aurini and Davies, 2004). This of course is important to take into consideration when discussing high schools in Ontario, which remain over 90% public.             Conclusion Whether private high schools are successful or not it is clear that they are not only affecting the market but the whole of the education system in Canada. Their rise in the previous years from institutions created with skepticism to viable alternatives to public education is significant. Clearly the degradation of public high schools is closely linked to the neo-liberal economic model calling for less government and more markets. It is a model that claims to know the answers to our future and to the future of our children. Market competition will make for a better school system with more individual choices. Private high schools mix well with the current individualistic tendencies shown in parents and students and which so clearly fit in with the core tenets espoused by private institutions. As we have seen in this work private high schools are not always the best high schools, neither socially nor economically. The best schools may be the ones that allow for the greatest insertion into our ever-changing society by it’s students. Fotopoulos, in an (2004) claims that, culture in general and education in particular play a crucial role in the determination of individual and collective values. This is because as long as individuals live in a society, they are not just individuals but social individuals, subject to a process that socializes them and induces them to internalize the existing institutional framework and the dominant social paradigm. (p.15) Social apt students are often the most successful students. It might be relevant to discuss just how much individualism is good for us, our society and our schools. References Aurini, J. (2006). Crafting Legitimation Projects: An Institutional Analysis of Private     Education Businesses. Sociological Forum 21, 83-111 Aurini, J. (2004). Educational Entrepreneurialism in the Private Tutoring Industry:    Balancing Profitablity with the Humanistic Face of Schooling.  The Canadian Review of    Sociology and Anthropology 41, 475-492. Aurini, J Davies, S. (2007) Choice without markets: homeschooling in the context of    private education British Journal of Sociology of Education 26, 461 474 Aurini, J Davies, S. (2004). The transformation of private tutoring: education in a    franchise form. Canadian Journal of Sociology 29, 419- Cowley, P. (2001).  Report Card on Ontarios Secondary Schools: 2001 Edition. The    Fraser Institute http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pbid=239 Davies, S. (1999). From Moral Duty to Cultural Rights: A Case Study of Political    Framing in Education Sociology of Education 72, 1-21. Finn, C. (2001) â€Å"Reinventing Public Education Via the Marketplace.†The Fraser Institute    http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=pbid=270 Fotopoulos, T. (2004). Democracy, Paideia and Education: Culture, the Dominant Social    Paradigm, and the Role of Education In Ross, W. E. Defending Public Schools. (15-29).    Westport, CT.:Praeger. Gabbard, D. A. (2004). Welcome to the Desert of the Real: A Brief History of What    Makes Schooling Compulsory In Ross, W.E.  Defending Public Schools. (3-14).    Westport, CT.: Praeger. Geiger, K. (1994). Rethinking American Schools in the Psot-Cold War Era: Introductory    Remarks from the NEA President. Financing Education 33, 63-66 Hall, E. and Handley, R. (2004). High Schools in Crisis: What Every Parent Should    Know Westport, CT.: Praeger Ross, W. E. (2004). General Editors Introduction: Defending Public Schools, Defending    Democracy In Ross, W.E. Defending Public Schools. Westport, CT.: Praeger. 4 Trouble in Ontario’s small schools (2004). People for Education     http://www.peopleforeducation.com/releases/2005/sept21_04.html
Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Harrison Ainsworth Rookwood :: essays research papers
In the early nineteenth century, an interest in criminals and the common highwayman arose in Europe. Many magazines in London, such as Bentley’s Miscellany, Fraser’s Magazine, and The Athenaeum featured sections that were reserved for stories about highwayman and their numerous adventures. The growing interest in the subject inspired many authors to write about the various exploits of popular criminals and highwayman. Some prominent examples of this type of novel were Edward Bulwer’s Paul Clifford (1830) and Eugene Aram (1832); Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist (1838-39) and Barnaby Rudge (1841); and William Harrison Ainsworth Rookwood (1834) and Jack Sheppard (1839-40). Several of these novels were based upon famous crimes and criminal careers of the past (Eugene Aram, Dick Turpin in Rookwood, and Jack Sheppard); others derived from contemporary crime (Altick, 1970, p. 72). Although many authors chose to base their stories on criminals, William Harrison Ainsworth’s Rookwood and Jack Sheppard are two of the best examples of the theme of ‘crime and punishment’ in the nineteenth century. Â Â Â Â Â Ainsworth started his writing career as a writer of Gothic stories for various magazines. Gothic elements are included in Ainsworth’s novel: the ancient hall, the family vaults, macabre burial vaults, secret marriage, and so forth (John, 1998, p. 30). Rookwood is a story about two half-brothers in a conflict over the family inheritance. The English criminal who Ainsworth decides to entangle in Rookwood was Dick Turpin, a highwayman executed in 1739. However, echoing Bulwer, Ainsworth’s explanation for his interest in Dick Turpin (like Bulwer’s explanation in his choice of Eugene Aram as a subject) is personal and familial (John, 1998, p. 31). Though the basis of the novels seem similar, Ainsworth treated Dick Turpin in a different way than Bulwer treated Eugene Aram. Ainsworth romanticizes history, but basically sticks to the facts (as far as he knew them). Perhaps more importantly, Ainsworth does not pretend that the Turpin he invents is the real Dick Turpin, nor does he attempt to elevate Turpin’s social class status (John, 1998, p. 32). Ainsworth recalls lying in bed listening to the exploits of ‘Dauntless Dick’, as narrated by his father. Despite Ainsworth’s infatuation with the criminal, the real Turpin was no more interesting a character than an ordinary cat burglar. Besides highway robbery, his affairs included stealing sheep and breaking into farmer’ houses, sometimes with the aid of confederates; and he took a turn at smuggling (Hollingsworth, 1963, p. 99). Although Turpin appears in a considerable part of the novel, he really has no effect on the plot. He stole a marriage certificate, but the incident was not important
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Gerald Manley Hopkins` `The Windhover` Essay
Explain: â€Å"he rung upon the rein of a wimpling wing.†The word â€Å"rung†used here is an old technical term meaning in this case to rise spirally in flight. The falcon Hopkins describes here circles the air upon the â€Å"rein of a wimpling wing.†His flight is reined like a knight would rein his horse. The wing does the reining, and its feathers wimple, or fold, to produce the graceful spiral in flight. Hopkins’ falcon as described in this poem is at the height of his glory and grace. I can see it as being a traditional Medieval image of Christ as a knight on horseback. The falcon is the Christ performing beautiful and miraculous actions while challenging the writer to follow him to these heroic heights Why is your â€Å"heart in hiding†? The falcon or Christ stirs his heart that was in hiding. Christ awakened his heart and brought his heart back to the light from which it was hid. I see the â€Å"heart in hiding†meaning the poet knows that his heart is not fully committed to God/Christ so therefore it is not fully committed to the purpose of spiritual striving even though he seems to acknowledge that when a person’s entire being is brought into accordance with God’s will they will be at the best place they can be, he knows even he himself isn’t there yet. He acknowledges that something glorious happens to those who relinquish themselves for a higher striving and he draws inspiration from the falcon who is already at that point he hasn’t allowed himself to be at, yet. What is the connection between the `blue-bleak embers` of a fire and a plough (plow)? The blue-bleak embers gash, fall and break apart and let out a gold glow when they fall or crack openâ€â€radiates in destruction before death, like the heart becomes radiant in sacrifice and death. The soil reveals its beauty also when that wound is ripped into by the plow. It can be seen as the striving to serve God brings out one’s inner glow just as for example, by using a plow one is actually polishing it as it is serving its finest purpose, the purpose it is made for. Simply by doing the work it, the plow and we, the creation was put here to do, causes us to shine. The poet is telling us there is a luminous core to every single individual which when living a life close to God/Christ it is seen or exposed. Why does Hopkins compare the Falcon to a skate, bows bend, and a plow? How are these metaphors for Christ? The ice skater and the falcon glide atop their support and control it in a supreme, artistic fashion. Because the poet uses the word, â€Å"dauphin,†the falcon is the ruler of the day or dawn. The falcon serves as an image of Christ. To me, I feel the metaphors for Christ are apparent when one thinks of all the grace and effortless majesty displayed by the falcon and the skater, how much greater is the reward of one moment’s communion with God.
Saturday, January 4, 2020
The Safety Of Our Country - 1529 Words
Our country is slowly suffering at the expense of our military; our military is constantly funded with the resources to support and protect our country. The protection of our country is a priority, but the development and growth of our country is a priority as well. While our economy continues to deplete, our military resumes to spend billions every year. Increasing and spending high dollars on our armed forces is not needed in order to continue being the most preeminent military force in the world. In order for our economy to flourish and cultivate, our government needs to focus more on other aspects of our economy like the education system, veteran benefits, and unemployment. These are areas of our economy that been occurring problems†¦show more content†¦These analysis are founded upon three key factors, how many additional troops are deployed, how long the deployment will last, and the additional costs linked with incremental troop deployment. The U.S. military requires provisions from support forces, staff headquarters, military police, communication staff, and medical personnel just to name a few. Over the past years, DoD generally has deploys a total of 9,500 personnel per combat group including 4,000 combat troops, and 5,500 supporting troops. This doesn’t include the 35,000 to 48,000 additional troops, which adds an additional $9 to $13 billion for a four-month deployment (Gilmore). There are supplementary ways in order to decrease these costs. Gilmore addresses the fact that accompanying combat forces with fewer support personnel will decrease the cost of military spending. Since 2001 funding for actions in Iraq and the war on terrorism has been provided across an arrangement of a partial-year (Gilmore). These finances are endorsed at the beginning of a fiscal year, and midyear. This allows the department of defense to constantly gain access to funds. If the funds run out before the midyear, the DoD can pay the expenses with funds given for its original use, which is then reimbursed upon the start of the midyear. Modifying this loophole to every entire fiscal year would create a more accurate depiction of how much financing Congress should present the DoD. This
Friday, December 27, 2019
Christianity And Hinduism .According To The Human Truth
Christianity and Hinduism According to the human truth foundation (2017) â€Å"religions are shared collection of transcendental beliefs that have been passed on from believers to converts, which are held by adherents to be actively meaningful and serious and either based on formally documented doctrine or established cultural practices.†There are many religions in the world some are old as the beginning of time and some are newer. Hinduism is one of the oldest organized religion in the world. Hinduism originated around 1500 BCE in India by the involvement of thousands of different small religions and their beliefs. Hinduism is a religion with very little boundaries, many different beliefs and practices, so offering a comparison of†¦show more content†¦They believe that other God and Goddess are the reincarnation of the one soul. They believe that there were 600 different reincarnation of the one soul (Kauai’s Hindus Monastery, 2017). Because of wide beli efs they embrace Jesus as a guru. They do not believe that Jesus was the Son of God, just as teacher like many others (All about religion.org (2017). However, Christianity is a monotheistic religion, which only have one God. Christians believe in one true and living God, who exists as three distinct: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit (Crain, 2017). Third difference between the Christianity and Hinduism is each religions believes of soul and body connection. Christians believe that a person has one soul and one body. That when a person dies the soul leaves this earth and go to a place called heaven or hell. Soul of person sends to heaven or hell, depending on their actions in the earth. However, the Hinduism believes that person’s soul can be reincarnated to different life after bodily death. They believe that life cycle will happen until that soul does actions to please the God. Hinduism believes the people life and fate are interconnected with their previous life. Personà ¢â‚¬â„¢s fate or events in their life depend on their actions of their pervious life (Jayaram, 2015). Another difference between the Hinduism and Christianity are their concept of sin. Christians believe when a person commits sin, he or she is breaking the law ofShow MoreRelatedBuddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism And Monotheistic Religions1108 Words  | 5 PagesIn life, one will undertake a spiritual journey in which you will uncover the meaning of the self. Many religions, including Hinduism, Confucianism and monotheistic religions, have developed philosophies placing importance of the â€Å"self.†Emphasis on morality, virtues, honest contribute to the development of the inner self. In religions such as, Islam and Judaism the importance of conducts and worship will lead you to paradise in the after as promised by Allah or Yahweh. The teachings of proper behaviorRead MoreClassification of Religions1509 Words  | 7 PagesABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS: Abrahamic religions are the religions that originate from one source i.e. Abraham (A.S). These are monotheism religions i.e. belief in the existence of one and only one GOD. The main three Abrahamic religions are: * Judaism * Christianity * Islam JUDISM Judaism is among the worlds oldest monotheistic religions and the first of the three Abraham religions. Around 12 million people in the world believe in Judaism. They are mostly in the United States and Israel. The Torah, orRead MoreThe Complexities of Hinduism803 Words  | 4 PagesThe religion of Hinduism is the third largest religion in the world. The many aspects of Hinduism present a complex religion. However complex and intellectual this religion seems, the over whelming branches and diversities of Hinduism pose problems for the Hindu worldview. The history, nature of the world, practical outcomes, and superiority of Christianity display the challenges that Hinduism presents. From Hinduism’s pantheon of gods to its dysfunctional caste system, this religion has wreakedRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism And Christianity1468 Words  | 6 PagesChristianity and Buddhism exist as two of the predominant religions throughout the world. While Buddhism ranks around fifth in number of followers of religions, it is the third most widespread religion behind Christianity and Islam. Buddhism and Christianity are arrantly distinct in their principle standpoints: Buddhism rejects the existence of a greater being and Christianity proudly professes the power of a universal God. However, despite this rigid dissimilarity, both religions developed and spreadRead MoreThe Nature of Ethics in Hinduism, Christianity, and Buddhism Essay1360 Words  | 6 PagesThe Nature of Ethics in Hinduism, Christianity, and Buddhism When asking the question about the nature of ethics, it is hard to explain where they came from because not everyone has the same views or religions. Since religions have different standards, there are different sources to them and different reasons for why people should follow them. When trying to find answers to questions about the nature of ethics, it is impossible to know which religions view is correct. This paper willRead MoreDeath Is An Occurrence That Brings1200 Words  | 5 Pagesthe arrival of departure, the coming of the end on their doorstep. Scientific discoveries have added to the human understanding of how death works, teaching it logical and literal explanations. But the thought of leaving the marvelous determinates; the love, laughter, and exhilaration of life just to rot, decay, and to enter a void of nothingness could never be comforting. How can the human mind continue to find purpose in life if it is just living to reach a despicable conclusion? Well, that ’s whereRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Religion Essay1277 Words  | 6 Pagesto rituals and daily life. Humans look for answers to questions naturally instilled in our minds and one can hope to gap the divide of differences by thinking we are all here together at the same time. Religions of the world have similarities in their belief systems like peace with respect of other religions, however they celebrate different rituals and practice contrasting customs in daily life leading to inaccurate stereotypes especially in Christianity and Hinduism. Studying beliefs worldwideRead MoreHinduism, Buddhism, and Shinto1049 Words  | 5 PagesHinduism, Buddhism and Shinto, while vast in differences there is much to learn about these three religions similarities as well. Some facts and history of Hinduism include, Hinduism (being the oldest of the three) is dated back in pre-history before 10000 BC even believed to predate the Indus River Valley Civilization! The Vedas (the holy text of Hinduism) is the foundation for Indian culture and also the basic belief system of Hinduism. The basic belief structure of Hinduism is as follows, theRead More Appreciating other Religions Essay684 Words  | 3 PagesAppreciating other Religions Religion is a set of practices and beliefs that allow human beings to search for the meaning of life and the purpose of their existence. These common practices set the foundation for such beliefs to have validity. Every individual must wonder why he/she exists on earth. Questioning about the purpose in one’s life and whether or not there is meaning allows an individual to seek a supernatural, Supreme Being or some form of deity. Technically, religion is essentiallyRead MoreWhat Is Spiritual Conditions May Impact The Success Of Patient s Treatment And How Helpful Human Faith?1394 Words  | 6 Pagestreatment at same time. It is imperative to assess whether spiritual conditions may impact the success of patient’s treatment and how helpful human faith can be.The aim of this paper is to share the spiritual perspectives of people with diverse faiths and to analyze those with Christian philosophy of faith and healing. People from distant beliefs, which include Hinduism, Si khism and Islam were interviewed. Summary of the interview, comparison of diverse belief systems and writer’s personal insights gained
Thursday, December 19, 2019
Dystopian Novels A Dystopian Novel - 1943 Words
A dystopia is defined as a futuristic, imagined universe in which oppressive societal control and the illusion of perfect society are maintained through different forms of control. These types of readings point out norms in society and breaks down the political system. There are many themes that are explored in these types of readings. For example, restricted freedom, constant surveillance, fear of change, ignorant to the real world, and conformity are often central themes in dystopian novels. The basic idea is that the world is not perfect and by controlling every aspect of society, it controls the terrible things that may take place. The purpose of a dystopian novel is to explore structures that we don’t think about, whether it be in a†¦show more content†¦These types of reading usually have a life changing event that take place and it alters the way that the world thinks and naturally is. It is also likely something bad will happen, such as war if certain guidelines aren’t followed. One major event is usually war. War and the down spiral of a society are usually ideas found these types of readings. There is also a character in the book who stands out. This person can be the main character. This is the person who is not ignorant to many situations and can tell what is going on. The reading also makes you think about real life. There are themes pointed out in the novel that are currently taking place in the real life. This gives the reader a clearer picture of what the future could be like and that’s the overall purpose. Also, order, control, and organization is always important and extremely visible. There is a structure that all members of the society must follow. The society is highly organized to the point it makes readers feel that it is weird. These are all themes and ideas one can look for while reading. You must be able to identify what kind of reading you have in front of you so that you can explore deeper. This paper will explore some more ideas in A Clockwork Orange. This presentation will examine how the novel A Clockwork Orange implicates issues with mental illness and personality problems to the dystopian theme. Through plot and characterShow MoreRelatedDystopian Fiction : Dystopian Novel1559 Words  | 7 PagesWhy is dystopian fiction important? Some may say that it is because of the high-tension environments, the action, or the gripping storylines. While those aspects certainly play a significant role in the continued success of dystopian fiction, being well-written stories is not the only goal. This paper will detail various reasons why dystopian fiction continues to be popular and successful with all audiences, using The Hunger Games, Divergent, The Giver, and Ready Player One as examples. In orderRead MoreDystopian Novels901 Words  | 4 Pagesincluding that of dystopian novels. Dystopian novels, like any other well-written novel, contain a strongly developed protagonist and a mysterious, controlling antagonist. Often, the author labels the government or leader of the corrupt society as the antagonist. The authors have a propensity to use the ignored social injustices in modern society and embellish them in a future society where they eventually lead to mankind’s demise. Frequently, the protagonist of the dystopian novel is the point ofRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel Of Literature2214 Words  | 9 Pagesgeneral population aware of large problems that need to be fixed. This genre of course is the Dystopian one. Every single dystopian piece of literature is not just a book with a lesson in it, but a warning. Almost all dystopian books pick at flaws that the author has seen in their society, and the book just is an alternate universe in some sorts where those flaws were never fixed. And of course with these dystopian books their needs to be a concrete style to go with them. Most of these books have usuallyRead MoreWhat are Dystopian Novels?966 Words  | 4 PagesDystopia is common theme which dates hundreds of years in literature worldwide. Dystopian novels and short stories often depict a society repressed by a totalitarian government which comes to power after a cataclysmic occurrence, wielding unforgiving power and control over inhabitants for their own good. These dystopias are often perceived by the average citizen as a normal or unavoidable way of life, sometimes even a better way of life, yet there is often a single person or group of protagonistsRead MoreThe Giver By Lois Lowry831 Words  | 4 PagesResponse to Literature Essay for The Giver In the dystopian novel, The Giver by Lois Lowry, the story takes place in the future. The setting of the novel revolves around sameness. Same weather, same houses, same furniture, and even the same, flat landscape. There are no colors or animals, other than fish, in the small community. The government is strictly controlled by the Elders. They make decisions and control every aspect of the society, limiting emotions and choices. In The Giver, the settingRead MoreThe Year Of The Flood By Margaret Atwood1993 Words  | 8 Pagesas reinforce the information in my memory. In addition, if I wanted to review that information later, I could have it handy. Margaret Atwood is indeed an interesting author. She sees society from a unique point of view and likes to write dystopian novels which depict the eventual fate of humanity if we continue down the path of unforeseen and uncontrolled technological advancements and greed filled politics. She does not oppose progress or technology but is rather mainly concerned about the pathRead MoreDystopian Novel, The Lord Of The Flies1736 Words  | 7 Pagesenvironmentally degrading government. A dystopian novel can be described as a dark vision of our future. Based off all of the works read the character’s fit into the dystopian lifestyle. The dystopian lifestyle practiced by the characters can also depict the way other people felt during time of the dystopian time period. Many of the people affected were not able to survive, and therefore turned themselves in for death or for other unsettling situations. In the novel, The Lord of The Flies, by WilliamRead MoreIs 1984 A Dystopian Novel Analysis1251 Words  | 6 PagesAhmed Ali College Prep Senior English Mr Arcuri 7th September 2017 Why 1984 is a Dystopian novel A dystopian novel is a story relating to or denoting an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one. 1984 by George Orwell, is indeed a dystopian novel as it describes a nightmare vision of future society which is opposite to a perfect world. George Orwell creates this image using a few different techniques including,Read MoreThe Masses And The Dystopian Novel Elysium Essay1557 Words  | 7 PagesThe connection between these texts is they all feature compliancy of the masses, and all feature in some form of dystopian worlds. The texts all feature varying forms of dystopia, Bioshock features a dystopia brought on by evolutionary war, whereas brave new world features a world where the state has unlimited control over the technology and the people that rely on it. Paragraph 1 In Elysium, the film has an imaginary space station called â€Å"Elysium†this station hold only the most elite people, everybodyRead MoreThe Dystopian Novel By Margaret Atwood1991 Words  | 8 PagesThe dystopian novel written by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, is a twisting futuristic forecast of what a religious intolerant society is leading itself into with a totalitarian government with traditional Old Testament values, who do not see women as anything more than vessels to continue the human population. This story spins from a government takeover to the oppression of women under the rule of the new theocratic government known as The Republic of Gilead, whose agenda was to reclaim the dying
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Discrimination and Social Care Workers free essay sample
Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings Task A Short answer questions Ai Explain in your own words what each term means. Give one example from care practice to illustrate your explanations. Diversity- Diversity refers to something that is diverse, means that has different kinds or types. Example different languages, culture, religion, colour and background come together in a group is a diverse group. Equality- Treating everyone same with equal respect and providing them same opportunities is equality For example: In care setting can be described as breaking down barriers, eliminating discrimination and ensuring equal opportunity and access for all groups in all areas, which is supported and protected by legislation. Inclusion- Inclusion is being a part of what everyone is, being welcomed and embraced as a member who belongs. In other words, to make others feel included. For example: everyone in care home must feel welcome, accepted, confident that they can participate in all activities. Discrimination- When a person is treated less well, in comparison with someone else, because of his or her racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. As examples, hanging signs indicating infection status, or talking in public areas about a person’s infection or disease status is unacceptable. Aii For each of the following people/groups of people, describe two different possible effects of discrimination. * An Individual They will feel like they being punished for something you had no control over, feel that’s unfair, feel like someone is telling you’re â€Å"not good enough†also depressed, stress etc. Their Families They will feel like relationship with the person every day is more difficult, they personality is change, don’t want to talk, anger. * Wider society They will feel like they loss of confidence. * Those who discriminate Aiii Identify three ways of challenging discrimination, and describe how each will promote change. Practicing active participation. Active participation allows individual to realise their value and reduce isolation. Such a way an individual can gain self esteem which helps to reduce any form of abuse and discrimination. Quick and effective complaint procedure. Quick and serious effective complaint procedure helps to let individual to know that how seriously the act has taken and the consequences of discrimination. And it restrains people to engage in such act knowing the consequences of this acts. Meeting and discussion. It helps to increase awareness and carefulness to discriminatory acts. Also discussing and exercising this issue in day to day tasks help individual to challenge discrimination. Task B Leaflet Bi Your work setting is running an induction course for new social care workers in an adult social care setting. Create a leaflet, which can be used to support this course. The leaflet must include the following: a) A description of the legislation and codes of practice relating to diversity, equality, inclusion and discrimination. b) An explanation of the possible consequences for individuals, social care workers and others if the legislation and codes of practice are not followed. c) A description of how inclusive practice can promote equality and support diversity. ) An explanation of how to support others to promote diversity, equality and inclusion. Bii Givetwo examples of how you could raise awareness of diversity, equality and inclusion. Task C Reflective account Ci Write a reflective account describing: †¢ How your personal preferences, attitudes, heritage and beliefs might impact on working practice. †¢ How to ensure that your own practice is inclusive and respects the beliefs, culture, values and preferences of individuals. Suggested word count: 500 – 700 words I work in the care industry and have clients and honour other people’s religion or non religion that I look after that have had a totally different upbringing that myself. Some of these clients have dementia, I was raised in a different country with different beliefs. I had a traumatic upbringing but I cannot ever let my clients know about what my beliefs and life experiences are about. I through my experience with working in this environment have learnt that I have had to research other religions and beliefs and have learnt to respect all people and their beliefs. Prayers are a daily thing for me even though this was not taught to me in my earlier years. Religion affects people in many different ways mainly because we all come from different backgrounds and were all taught differently. It is therefore very important to respect and honour their personal beliefs. Some want to go to church on Sundays and others do not want to speak about church at all and I must respect the fact that they do not want to speak about anything about the Church. It is part of the work that I do to make sure my clients are happy and therefore am conscious at all times that they feel comfortable about anything they want to talk to me about. It is most important to remember that my own preferences are different to others and that I can never expect others to think, act and feel the same as I do. For example, I like to bath at night and shower in the morning but some of my clients fear water and they really hate the idea of being showered, washed or bathes even once a week. I have to respect their decision but at the same time I need to encourage them to maintain a healthy and clean state of mind and body. I in cases like this will spend more time encouraging the client that they will feel better and not try and tell them how I feel when I am clean and fresh.
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